Science

Department Overview

DESCRIPTION OF EXCELLENCE

God’s creative acts provide the foundation for scientific discovery. Students explore the wonder of the laws and principles that govern the universe while developing marketplace skills.

DISTINCTIVE EXPERIENCE AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS

Students demonstrate a grasp of scientific concepts, theories, and calculations through extensive small-group experiments and real-life simulations using state-of-the-art, and industry- standard lab equipment. Students are encouraged to apply their classroom knowledge and intellect to make scientific application through competitions such as the Synopsys Science and Technology Championship and conduct research using equipment such as the Moxi Flow® cytometer and the SpectraMax® M2 Microplate Reader. Students are also equipped and encouraged to take full advantage of the many programs offered through our AMSE after-school programs.

Department Map

SCIENCE COURSES 

Two years of science are required to graduate from VCHS. Students are encouraged to reach for Chemistry level, and for those looking to be accepted to a University of California campus, Physics is preferred. VCHS highly recommends at least three years of science to compete in the college market. 

This map is a general planning tool, intended to show the course and typical student tracks. Students may deviate from the map and should consult with the counselors and teachers to find the best classes to meet their academic and spiritual goals. Please check our high school Course Catalog for any applicable course prerequisites. Courses offered may vary from year to year.

Biology

This course encompasses ecology, biochemistry, basic chemistry, cell physiology and function, Mendelian genetics, proteins synthesis, biotechnology, origins of life (creation and evolution), botany, and classification of organisms (bacteria through animals). Students are required to follow a comprehensive laboratory program, as well as participate in group activities and projects. Labs include a variety of topics such as enzyme investigations, DNA electrophoresis, plant growth experiments, bacterial growth experiments, and dissections. Dissection is an important component of the second semester study of animal form and function.

Additional Expectations: Students are expected to work hard to learn and understand terminology that will be new to them and apply it to classroom investigations and testing.

Biology Honors*

This rigorous science course covers similar topics to Biology but in greater depth and detail, moving at a rapid pace. Students apply the information learned from lectures and readings by participating in engaging, hands-on activities such as dissections, a wide variety of experiments and activities, a field trip to the Monterey Bay Aquarium, and large-scale projects. In addition, students participate in numerous group activities (Crime Scene Investigation Lab, for example) that serve to apply the information learned in course to real-life scenarios.

Additional Expectations: Students should be self- motivated and have well-developed levels of reading comprehension and critical reading skills. Quizzing and testing are frequent.

*Though internal honors credit is given, the UC does not calculate an honors grade point for this course. Other colleges may assign honors credit.

Marine Biology

In the first semester of Marine Biology some time will be used to study oceanography (waves, currents and the interaction of the atmosphere and ocean to create climate), but most of the semester will focus on the biology of marine habitats. We explore the animals that live in the coral reef, coastal, open ocean and the deep sea habitats. During the second semester we go in depth into fish, shark, and marine mammal biology and behavior, explore how humans use the ocean for resources and discuss the many conservation issues impacting the ocean today. Labs include water density and making waves, changing our classroom into the deep-sea as we “hunt” for fish, marine mammal communication, marine mammal diving physiology, and Monterey Bay marine mammal species identification just to name a few. The class will also connect with marine mammal scientists via zoom to look more closely at and gain exposure to the filed research that they are conducting. 

AP Biology

This course includes many of the topics covered in Honors Biology, but explores them in greater depth comparable to a college level course. Students will work to apply broad- level concepts to detailed biological principles. Added content includes special attention to plant systems and physiology, animal systems’ form and function, genetics, biotechnology, and ecology. The laboratory component includes numerous inquiry-based labs specifically related to content on the AP exam. Special attention is given to lab planning, design, and execution. General topics include chemistry, molecular biology, cells, genetics, biotechnology, viruses, plants, evolution, plant and animal response systems, animal and plant development, and ecology.

Additional Expectations: Students must read and comprehend approximately one chapter of the textbook per class session that we meet. Extensive lab reports are required for most of the lab work completed. Testing is done by units and includes approximately 4-6 chapters.

Anatomy and Physiology

This course employs a systematic approach to the study of the human body, covering both structure and function. Memorization and application of concepts are key components to success. System topics include basic biochemistry, cells, tissues, skin, nerve function, specialized senses, immunity, the skeletal system, muscle structure and function, blood, and the cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive systems. Laboratory activities include identification of sense receptors, cardiovascular tests, respiratory system measurements, and other physiology-based labs as well as an extensive cat dissection. The cat dissection focuses on muscle and organ identification as well as engages the students in performing a surgical procedure on their specimens. Guest speakers are used to expose students to a variety of career fields to allow application of their knowledge

Additional Expectations: Memorization of structures and understanding physiological functions are extremely important, and quizzing and testing is frequent.

Anatomy and Physiology Honors

Honors Anatomy and Physiology teaches students about each of the eleven systems found in the human body, the intricate relationship between these systems, and the physiological mechanisms by which these systems work, both collaboratively and independently. This course covers the material in much greater detail than the regular Anatomy and Physiology course. Specific goals to be accomplished by each student throughout the course include learning the unique role of each system—both anatomically and physiologically— the role of the independent structures found within each system, the importance of each system in general homeostasis and well-being, and the impacts of disease on each of these systems. Various guest speakers from related fields are brought in to discuss their experiences and expertise as they pertain to the subjects being studied. In addition, this course has an extensive laboratory component.  Laboratory time includes various activities such as identification of each of the major structures within each system, reflex and sense exploration, examination of bones and muscles, and an extensive cat dissection.

Additional Expectations: Memorization of structures is extremely important, and quizzing and testing are frequent. An extensive cat dissection project occurs in the second semester.

Chemistry

Students explore the fundamental principles of chemistry which characterize the properties of matter and how it reacts. Topics will be presented to increase awareness and understanding of the role of chemistry in everyday life and environmental issues. Topics include, but are not limited to: measurement, atomic and molecular structure, periodic table, chemical bonding, nomenclature, chemical reactions, mole concept, stoichiometry, gases, properties of liquids and solids and solutions. Laboratory work will reinforce topics, develop students’ reasoning power, and the ability to apply chemical principles; as well as acquaint students with chemical laboratory techniques and the practical aspects of the scientific method.

Additional Expectations: Chemistry at any level requires proficient math skills and an understanding of the processes of mathematics, problem solving, and algebra. Students are expected to spend sufficient reviewing and practicing problem-solving skills.

Chemistry Honors

The course covers the same topics as the regular Chemistry curriculum but in greater depth and at an accelerated pace. Honors Chemistry prepares students for subsequent advanced courses in mathematics and science, including AP Chemistry. Students enrolled in the course are expected to develop refined and advanced critical thinking skills and apply those skills in tests, examinations and labs. The course is designed for students who enjoy the sciences and are willing to do a significant amount of independent work to review concepts discussed in the course and has the expectation of high quality work, not necessarily a greater quantity of work. Laboratory work will reinforce topics, develop students reasoning power, and the ability to apply chemical principles; as well as acquaint students with chemical laboratory techniques and the practical aspects of the scientific method. Students will prepare formal laboratory reports and learn this essential science skill.

Additional Expectations: Chemistry requires excellent math skills and an understanding of the processes of mathematics, problem solving, and algebra. There is a strong correlation between student outcomes in math courses and performance in Honors Chemistry, so students should consider their aptitude in mathematics as a guide for future performance in this course. For a student to be successful they will need to review concepts daily and practice problem solving.

AP Chemistry

This course is equivalent to a first-year university chemistry program. It encompasses topics such as molecular orbital theory, thermodynamics, kinetics and reaction mechanisms, chemical equilibrium, acid/base chemistry, electrochemistry, nuclear chemistry, and organic chemistry. Course work emphasizes the theory behind results. Students must be prepared to explain their observations in light of concepts discussed in the course. As with any chemistry course, strong math skills are essential to student success. 

Additional Expectations: Completion of formal homework, fulfillment of reading assignments, and independent review of concepts discussed is expected. Additionally, students must complete 8 laboratory units outside of course time (4 each semester). Each lab takes approximately 1½ hours to complete.

Physics

Physics is a captivating and electrifying look into motion and energy, from sub-atomic particles all the way to stars and galaxies. The curriculum focuses on the mathematical analysis and real-world applications of motion, force, energy, waves, and electricity. In addition to mastery of basic physics concepts, students develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills and consider the role of science in our society today. Material is presented in a blended learning environment that combines classroom lecture, hands-on labs, and computer-aided activities.

AP Physics 1

AP Physics 1 is an algebra-based, introductory college-level physics course that explores topics such as Kinematics, Newton's laws of motion, torque, rotational motion & angular momentum, gravitation & circular motion, work, energy and power, linear momentum, oscillations, mechanical waves and, electrostatics, and DC circuits. Through inquiry-based learning, students develop scientific critical thinking and reasoning skills. AP Physics 1 is more conceptual than AP Physics C. AP Physics 1 will develop the skills needed to succeed not only in physics, but in the college classroom where a relentless pursuit of excellence and a confident understanding of subject matter are a must.

Additional Expectations: 

Algebra, Geometry, and Trigonometry will be the mathematical toolbox used intensively throughout the course to support the analytical examination of the core concepts in physics. Therefore, it is extremely important that students enrolling in this course are have the mathematical competency in these areas. It is imperative that any student who feels uncomfortable with the required mathematical skills required to succeed in this course talk with the physics teacher before enrollment.  Being a conceptual problem solving course the student will need strong critical thinking skills to apply concepts learned to solve new problems.

AP Physics C: Mechanics

AP Physics C: Mechanics/E&M Paring: The semester-long courses AP Physics C: Mechanics and AP Physics C: Electricity & Magnetism (see course description on following page) are paired. Students who enroll in AP Physics C: Mechanics will automatically be enrolled in AP Physics C: E&M second semester.

AP Physics C is equivalent to one semester of calculus-based, college-level physics, especially appropriate for students planning to specialize or major in physical science or engineering. The emphasis in the course is to utilize guided inquiry and student-centered learning to develop conceptual understanding and critical thinking skills.

AP Physics C is a fast-paced and demanding course. The level of theoretical presentations, classroom discussions, assigned problems, and the inclusion of peripheral topics are appropriate for inquisitive students who have superior ability and motivation in the scientific area. This course is taught assuming prior success in AP Physics 1 and focuses more on applications of Calculus to Physics. Students are expected to take the two AP Physics C exams (Mechanics and Electricity & Magnetism) in May. The learning style includes classroom lecture, hands-on labs, and computer-aided activities. Introductory differential and integral calculus is used throughout the course.

AP Physics C: Mechanics explores topics such as One and two-dimensional kinematics; Newton’s laws of motion; work, energy and power; Impulse-Momentum; circular motion and rotation; and oscillations and gravitation.

Additional Expectations:

This course requires students to be more self-sufficient than students in the AP Physics 1 course. Students are expected to spend a substantial amount of time practicing problems outside of the classroom as compared with any other regular AP course.

AP Physics C: Electricity & Magnetism

AP Physics C: Mechanics/E&M Paring: The semester-long courses AP Physics C: Mechanics (see course description on previous page) and AP Physics C: Electricity & Magnetism are paired. Students who enroll in AP Physics C: Mechanics will automatically be enrolled in AP Physics C: E&M second semester.

AP Physics C is equivalent to one semester of calculus-based, college-level physics, especially appropriate for students planning to specialize or major in physical science or engineering. The emphasis in the course is to utilize guided inquiry and student-centered learning to develop conceptual understanding and critical thinking skills.

AP Physics C is a fast-paced and demanding course. The level of theoretical presentations, classroom discussions, assigned problems, and the inclusion of peripheral topics are appropriate for inquisitive students who have superior ability and motivation in the scientific area. This course is taught assuming prior success in AP Physics 1 and focuses more on applications of Calculus to Physics. Students are expected to take the two AP Physics C exams (Mechanics and Electricity & Magnetism) in May. The learning style includes classroom lecture, hands-on labs, and computer-aided activities. Introductory differential and integral calculus is used throughout the course.

Electricity and Magnetism explores topics such as electrostatics and electric fields; Capacitor and Dielectrics; electric circuits; magnetic fields; and electromagnetism with an emphasis on Maxwell’s Equations.

Additional Expectations:

This course requires students to be more self-sufficient than students in the AP Physics 1 course. Students are expected to spend a substantial amount of time practicing problems outside of the classroom as compared with any other regular AP course.

Integrated Science

Integrated Science is a survey course designed to help students link science concepts and science skills. This course will provide students with an introduction to biology, chemistry, and physics. Integrated Science seeks to give students and understanding of the concepts and principles of science and provides opportunities to develop problem solving and technological skills necessary for the 21st century. This course devotes significant course time to student centered laboratory exercises and activities related to projects. Student participation in laboratory exercises and activities and the development of critical thinking and problem solving skills will be stressed in this course.

AP Environmental Science

The goal of AP Environmental Science is to understand the interrelationships between humans and the natural environment. Students will learn what it means to live sustainably on earth as they analyze the impact of global warming, climate change, and population growth on land and water use, energy resources, air and water pollution, and biodiversity in the living world. The course includes a strong laboratory component to allow students to learn about the environment through firsthand observation and experimentation. Understanding the role of cultural, social, political, and economic factors in addressing environmental problems is vital to the development of solutions. Human survival depends on a commitment to developing practices that will achieve sustainable systems.